2004 OPEN FORUM Abstracts
EVALUATION OF INTERVENTION WITH NPPV IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Jack Edge RRT, Zach
Frazier RRT, Terrence Coulter M.D., CoxHealth, Respiratory Care,
Springfield, MO.
Background:
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure has been shown to be less
responsive to NPPV than hypercapneic respiratory failure. We wanted
to determine whether an early and aggressive intervention with NPPV
could provide good patient outcomes.
Method:
We reviewed all NPPV set-ups (n=295) from Dec 2003-Feb 2004 and
classified patients as having either acute hypoxemic respiratory
failure (n=85), acute hypercapneic respiratory failure (n=174), or
meeting our exclusion criteria (n=36). Acute hypoxemic respiratory
failure was determined prior to NPPV initiation and defined as having
a P/F < 200 or SpO2≤
90% on a FIO2 ≥ 0.50,
and a PaCO2 ≤ 45 mmHg.
Patients were excluded if they had IPPV or CPR prior to NPPV, had a
tracheostomy, or had recent facial, esophageal, or cranial
trauma/surgery. NPPV settings were detemined by the respiratory
therapist at the bedside using our NPPV protocol, and quickly
titrated up to an IPAP 25 cm H2O / EPAP 15 cm H2O
as needed.
Results:
During the period of Dec 2003-Feb 2004, we had 295 NPPV set-ups on
256 patients. 85 patients met our criteria for Acute Hypoxemic
Respiratory Failure with the absence of hypercapnea, and met none of
the other exclusion criteria. Four subsets of patients were
identified: pneumonia (n=38), cardiogenic pulmonary edema (n=26),
ARDS (n=16), and other (n=5). Table 1 shows the results of our data
for each of these categories.
| Patient types | # Pts | NPPV Hrs | Intub. | IPPV Hrs | Hosp Mort. | Unit LOS Day | Hosp LOS Day |
| Pneumonia | 38 | 46.5 (2-212) | 4 (11%) | 161 | 5 (13%) | 4.5 | 13.5 |
| Cardio edema | 26 | 30.5 (1-138) | 5 (19%) | 53 | 4 (15%) | 3.3 | 12 |
| ARDS | 16 | 45.7 (2-181) | 11 (69%) | 110 | 11 (69%) | 6.2 | 12.6 |
| Other | 5 | 50 (1-98) | 0 (0%) | 0 | 2 (40%) | 1.8 | 11.8 |
Conclusions:
Early and aggressive intervention with NPPV resulted in mortality
and intubation rates of less than 20% for pneumonia and cardiogenic
pulmonary edema patients. The high intubation and mortality rates
seen with our ARDS patients indicates caution with the initial use of
NPPV in these patients.