2004 OPEN FORUM Abstracts
THE EFFECT OF INTRATRACHEAL PULMONARY VENTILATION ON THE DECREASE OF DEAD SPACE IN RABBITS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE.
Kook-Hyun Lee, M.D., Jie Ae Kim M.D. *, Hyun Sung Cho M.D. *
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, *Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
BACKGROUND: A technique that improves the efficiency of alveolar ventilation
should decrease the pressure required and reduce the potential for lung injury
during mechanical ventilation. High partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
can be tolerated if associated with a lower airway pressure as in permissive
hypercapnia (PH). Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation (ITPV) was developed
to allow a decrease in physiological dead space during mechanical ventilation.
We compared the effect of hybrid ventilation (HV) as a modification of ITPV
with PH on the decrease of tidal volume and airway pressures in rabbits with
acute respiratory failure.
METHOD: Tracheostomy was performed in seven rabbits
ventilated under volume-controlled mode in the supine position. Arterial blood
gas analysis, airway pressures, and dead space ventilation were measured at
respiratory rates of 20/min as control values. Oleic acid of 0.06 mL/kg was
injected to induce acute respiratory failure. Tidal volume (VT) was elevated
to maintain PaCO2 in the normal range. These same parameters were measured
as OA values. Then VT was reduced to the control level to allow PH. Hybrid
ventilation was initiated by inserting a reverse thrust catheter (RTC) into
the endotracheal tube. Hybrid ventilation consists of a pressure-controlled
mode of mechanical ventilation and ITPV while flushing fresh gas continuously
via the RTC. Respiratory parameters were compared under control, OA, PH and
HV conditions.
RESULTS: Oleic acid injection decreased partial pressure of
oxygen (PaCO2) from 401+/-35 mmHg to 129+/-39 mmHg, increased VT from 42+/-5
mL to 52+/-10 mL, and increased dead space (VD/VT) ratio from 0.65+/-0.07 to
0.71+/-0.07. During PH, the increase in PaCO2 was accompanied by an increase
in VD/VT ratio from 0.71+/-0.07 to 0.79+/-0.03 and by a decrease of peak inspiratory
pressure (PIP) from 19.4+/-4.0 cmH2O to 16.8+/-3.1 cmH2O. PaCO2 was lowered
from 50+/-5 mmHg in PH to 39+/-5 mmHg in HV with a lower VT. VD/VT ratio in
HV which was as low as that in control. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid ventilation is
an effective and easy-to-use ventilatory modality to reduce PaCO2 and airway
pressures by the reduction in VD/VT ratio in acute respiratory failure model.